History of Ayurveda

The Divine Origins and Branches of Ayurveda – The Knowledge of Life

The term Ayurveda comes from the ancient Sanskrit words Ayur meaning life, and Veda meaning knowledge. The origins of Ayurveda are deeply rooted in mythology, where it is said that Lord Brahma, the creator of the universe, created Ayurveda from his divine memory as the Upaveda of the Atharvaveda. He passed this sacred knowledge on to other gods, and it was later imparted to the sages of ancient India.

Prominent sages, such as Divodasa, Athreya, and many others, were entrusted with this profound wisdom, which they passed down to their disciples. Among these disciples, Agnivesa, Bhela, and Jathookarna made significant contributions, compiling their studies into the foundational Samhitas or texts.

Another version of Ayurveda's origin tells the tale of Brahma teaching the science of life to Dakshaprajapathi, who then passed it on to the Aswini Kumaras. The Aswini Kumaras conveyed the teachings to Lord Indra, who, in turn, entrusted them to the great sage Athri and his disciples. Through their dedicated efforts, Ayurveda evolved into a sophisticated science, divided into eight key branches known as Ashtanga Ayurveda. These branches are:

1. Kaya Chikitsa (General Medicine)
2. Balachikitsa/Kaumarabhrithyam (Pediatrics)
3. Grahachikitsa/Bhoothavidya (Psychiatric Treatment)
4. Urdhuvanga Chikitsa/Salakyathanthram (E.N.T. and Ophthalmology)
5. Salyachikitsa (Surgery)
6. Damshtra/Chikitsa (Toxicology) (Agadathanthram)
7. Jarachikitsa/Rasayanathanthram (Rejuvenation and Geriatrics)
8. Vajeekaranathanthram (Aphrodisiac Treatment)

Ayurveda is seen as a divine revelation, a sacred knowledge that emphasizes personal insight alongside empirical observation. It has always been a path to holistic healing, one that integrates the mind, body, and spirit.

The earliest traces of Ayurveda can be found in the Indus Valley Civilization (2700-1500 B.C.), where its practice began to flourish. However, during the 10th to 12th centuries A.D., Ayurveda faced a period of decline due to invasions from Muslim forces, who introduced their own medical system, Unani Tibb. Ayurveda's revival came with the establishment of the Mughal Empire, where Emperor Akbar's support helped Ayurveda regain its prominence.

Despite challenges during British colonial rule, Ayurveda has stood resilient, preserving its ancient wisdom and continuing to thrive in the modern era. Today, Ayurveda enjoys a global resurgence, recognized as a cornerstone of natural, holistic healing. Its principles have made their way into the "New Age" of wellness, where it is cherished for its emphasis on prevention, balance, and healing through nature.